Antegrade cannulae are designed to deliver cardioplegia solution to the heart via the coronary ostia in the normal direction of blood flow (antegrade perfusion). Medtronic offers both aortic root ...

Grade I lesions demonstrate antegrade flow with a diminished peak systolic velocity. Grade II lesions show retrograde flow during systole and antegrade flow during diastole. Grade III lesions have ...

Along with antegrade endopyelotomy, these modalities have shown outstanding results, and have proven superior to retrograde approaches. With the popularization of these techniques has come a ...