Pattern formation is the developmental process by which cells acquire different identities, depending on their relative spatial positions within the embryo. Pattern formation ensures that tissues ...

Post-micturition residuals were noted in 74% of the patients. EMG cystometry showed detrusor hyperreflexia in 56%, low compliance in 31%, atonic curve in 5%, detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in 45%, and ...

In addition, we investigated the effects of intermittent and switching stimulation patterns on bladder inhibition. Methods: The electrode was implanted in the dorsal horn of the S2 spinal cord.